Current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. Share price, principal value, and return will vary, and you may have a gain or loss when you sell your shares. Performance assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes. Returns before sales charge do not reflect the current maximum sales charges as indicated below. Had the sales charge been reflected, returns would be lower. Returns at public offering price (after sales charge) for class A and class M shares reflect the current maximum initial sales charges of 5.75% and 3.50% for equity funds and 4.00% and 3.25% for income funds (2.25% for class A of Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund, Short-Term Municipal Income, Short Duration Bond Fund, and Fixed Income Absolute Return Fund), respectively. Class B share returns reflect the applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC), which is 5% in the first year, declining to 1% in the sixth year, and is eliminated thereafter (except for Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund, Putnam Short Duration Bond Fund, Putnam Fixed Income Absolute Return Fund, and Putnam Short-Term Municipal Income Fund, which is 1% in the first year, declining to 0.5% in the second year, and is eliminated thereafter). Class C shares reflect a 1% CDSC the first year that is eliminated thereafter. Performance for class B, C, M, N, R, and Y shares prior to their inception is derived from the historical performance of class A shares, adjusted for the applicable sales charge (or CDSC) and, except for class Y shares, the higher operating expenses for such shares (with the exception of Putnam Tax-Free High Yield Fund and Putnam Strategic Intermediate Municipal Fund, which are based on the historical performance of class B shares). Performance for class A, C, R6, and Y shares of Putnam Mortgage Opportunities Fund before their inception is derived from the historical performance of class I shares, which have been adjusted for the applicable sales charge (or CDSC) and the higher operating expenses for such shares. Returns at public offering price (after sales charge) for class N shares reflect the current maximum initial sales charge of 1.50%. Class R5/R6 shares, available to qualified employee-benefit plans only, are sold without an initial sales charge and have no CDSC. Class Y shares are generally only available for corporate and institutional clients and have no initial sales charge. Performance for class R5/R6 shares before their inception are derived from the historical performance of class Y shares, which have not been adjusted for the lower expenses; had they, returns would have been higher. Class A shares of Putnam money market funds have no initial sales charge. For a portion of the period, some funds had expenses limitations or had been sold on a limited basis with limited assets and expenses, without which returns would be lower.
Active Equities
Growth Opportunities Fund (Class Y) (PGOYX)
Blending investment themes with deep fundamental research
The team analyzes global trends, as well as problems and potential solutions, to identify which themes could drive sustained growth for businesses over a multi-year time horizon.
Manager commentary: Growth-stock rally continues as economic transition speeds up
Highlights
Objective
The fund seeks capital appreciation.
Strategy and process
- Seeks above-average growth: The fund focuses on businesses that exhibit both a high level of growth and an above-average duration of growth.
- A thematic approach: The portfolio managers combine top-down investment themes with bottom-up research to select securities that can benefit from growth trends.
- Rigorous analysis: Backed by fundamental research, the managers focus on identifying management teams that act like owners.
Fund price |
Yesterday’s close | 52-week high | 52-week low |
---|---|---|---|
Net asset value |
$54.34
-0.53% | $-0.29 |
$56.66
09/02/20 |
$32.19
03/23/20 |
Fund facts as of 12/31/20
$8,388.52M
45%
Annually
58
July
746802586 / 1848
07/01/99
Growth
PGOYX
Management team
A commitment to deep fundamental research
The team analyzes global trends, as well as problems and potential solutions, to identify which themes could drive sustained growth for businesses over a multi-year time horizon. Learn more about the fund's theme-based strategy and the experiences that shaped the managers' investing approach.
Literature
Fund documents |
|
Fact Sheet (R6 share) (PDF) | |
Fact Sheet (YA share) (PDF) |
|
Summary Prospectus (PDF) |
|
Statutory Prospectus (PDF) |
|
Statement of Additional Information (SAI) (PDF) | |
Annual Report (PDF) |
|
Semiannual Report (PDF) |
|
Proxy voting results (Form N-PX) (PDF) | |
Equity Outlook (PDF) |
|
Comparing Putnam's U.S. equity funds (PDF) |
|
Investing for the new decade (PDF) | |
Quarterly commentary (PDF) |
Behavioral shifts bring investment opportunities
Many businesses that have been resilient and strong during the COVID-19 crisis are likely to become even stronger in the aftermath.Performance
Total return (%) as of 12/31/20
Annual performance as of 12/31/20
Annualized Total return (%) as of 12/31/20
Annualized performance | 1 yr. | 3 yrs. | 5 yrs. | 10 yrs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before sales charge | 38.76% | 24.84% | 22.19% | 17.24% |
After sales charge | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Russell 1000 Growth Index | 38.49% | 22.99% | 21.00% | 17.21% |
Performance snapshot
Before sales charge | After sales charge | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 mt. as of 12/31/20 | 4.07% | - | |
YTD as of 01/15/21 | -1.45% | - | |
Risk-adjusted performance as of 12/31/20
Alpha (3 yrs.) | 3.18 |
---|---|
Sharpe ratio (3 yrs.) | 1.25 |
Treynor ratio (3 yrs.) | 24.88 |
Information ratio (3 yrs.) | 0.60 |
Volatility as of 12/31/20
Standard deviation (3 yrs.) | 18.64% |
---|---|
Beta | 0.94 |
R-squared | 0.98 |
Capture ratio as of 12/31/20
Up-market (3 yrs.) | 100.21 |
---|---|
Down-market (3 yrs.) | 92.93 |
Lipper rankings as of 12/31/20
Time period | Rank/Funds in category | Percentile ranking |
---|---|---|
1 yr. | 217/653 | 34% |
3 yrs. | 96/610 | 16% |
5 yrs. | 45/555 | 9% |
10 yrs. | 73/439 | 17% |
Morningstar Ratings™ as of 12/31/20
Time period | Funds in category | Morningstar Rating™ |
---|---|---|
Overall | 1197 | |
3 yrs. | 1197 | |
5 yrs. | 1070 | |
10 yrs. | 789 |
Distributions
Record/Ex dividend date | 12/04/20 |
---|---|
Payable date | 12/08/20 |
Income | -- |
Extra income | -- |
Short-term cap. gain | -- |
Long-term cap. gain | $1.72 |
Lipper rankings are based on total return without sales charge relative to all share classes of funds with similar objectives as determined by Lipper. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
The Morningstar RatingTM for funds, or "star rating", is calculated for managed products (including mutual funds, variable annuity and variable life subaccounts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, and separate accounts) with at least a three-year history. Exchange-traded funds and open-ended mutual funds are considered a single population for comparative purposes. It is calculated based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return measure that accounts for variation in a managed product's monthly excess performance, placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The top 10% of products in each product category receive 5 stars, the next 22.5% receive 4 stars, the next 35% receive 3 stars, the next 22.5% receive 2 stars, and the bottom 10% receive 1 star. The Overall Morningstar Rating for a managed product is derived from a weighted average of the performance figures associated with its three-, five-, and 10-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. The weights are: 100% three-year rating for 36-59 months of total returns, 60% five-year rating/40% three-year rating for 60-119 months of total returns, and 50% 10-year rating/30% five-year rating/20% three-year rating for 120 or more months of total returns. While the 10-year overall star rating formula seems to give the most weight to the 10-year period, the most recent three-year period actually has the greatest impact because it is included in all three rating periods.
The up-market capture ratio is used to evaluate how well an investment manager performed relative to an index during periods when that index has risen. The ratio is calculated by dividing the manager’s returns by the returns of the index during the up-market, and multiplying that factor by 100. The down-market capture ratio is used to evaluate how well an investment manager performed relative to an index during periods when that index has dropped. The ratio is calculated by dividing the manager’s returns by the returns of the index during the down-market and multiplying that factor by 100.
Compare
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** FundVisualizer comparison based on Putnam fund versus the largest fund in its Morningstar category.
Holdings
Apple | 10.10% |
---|---|
Microsoft Corp | 9.44% |
Amazon.Com | 7.98% |
Alphabet | 4.55% |
Paypal Holdings | 3.51% |
Tesla | 3.37% |
Visa | 3.03% |
Mastercard | 2.86% |
2.86% | |
Adobe | 2.64% |
Top 10 holdings, percent of portfolio | 50.34% |
Top 10 holdings as of 12/31/20 | |
---|---|
Apple | |
Microsoft Corp | |
Amazon.Com | |
Alphabet | |
Paypal Holdings | |
Tesla | |
Visa | |
Mastercard | |
Adobe | |
Holdings represent 50.34% of portfolio |
Top 10 holdings as of 11/30/20 | |
---|---|
Microsoft Corp | |
Apple | |
Amazon.Com | |
Alphabet | |
Paypal Holdings | |
Visa | |
Mastercard | |
Adobe | |
UnitedHealth Group | |
Holdings represent 49.79% of portfolio |
Top 10 holdings as of 10/31/20 | |
---|---|
Microsoft Corp | |
Apple | |
Amazon.Com | |
Alphabet | |
Paypal Holdings | |
Visa | |
Adobe | |
Mastercard | |
Nvidia Corp | |
Holdings represent 49.66% of portfolio |
Top 10 holdings as of 09/30/20 | |
---|---|
Microsoft Corp | |
Apple | |
Amazon.Com | |
Alphabet | |
Paypal Holdings | |
Visa | |
Mastercard | |
Adobe | |
Nvidia Corp | |
Holdings represent 48.74% of portfolio |
APPLE INC SEDOL 2046251 | 10.10% |
---|---|
MICROSOFT CORP SEDOL 2588173 | 9.44% |
AMAZON.COM INC SEDOL 2000019 | 7.98% |
ALPHABET INC-CL C SEDOL BYY88Y7 | 4.55% |
PAYPAL HOLDINGS INC SEDOL BYW36M8 | 3.51% |
TESLA INC SEDOL B616C79 | 3.37% |
VISA INC-CLASS A SHARES SEDOL B2PZN04 | 3.02% |
FACEBOOK INC-CLASS A SEDOL B7TL820 | 2.86% |
MASTERCARD INC - A SEDOL B121557 | 2.86% |
ADOBE INC SEDOL 2008154 | 2.64% |
UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC SEDOL 2917766 | 2.57% |
NIKE INC -CL B SEDOL 2640147 | 2.27% |
NVIDIA CORP SEDOL 2379504 | 1.89% |
ELI LILLY & CO SEDOL 2516152 | 1.84% |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC-A SEDOL BZ6VT82 | 1.80% |
QUALCOMM INC SEDOL 2714923 | 1.77% |
IDEXX LABORATORIES INC SEDOL 2459202 | 1.71% |
COSTAR GROUP INC SEDOL 2262864 | 1.61% |
DANAHER CORP SEDOL 2250870 | 1.41% |
ESTEE LAUDER COMPANIES-CL A SEDOL 2320524 | 1.36% |
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC SEDOL 2931034 | 1.35% |
S&P GLOBAL INC SEDOL BYV2325 | 1.23% |
LONZA GROUP AG-REG SEDOL 7333378 | 1.22% |
DEXCOM INC SEDOL B0796X4 | 1.18% |
NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP SEDOL 2648806 | 1.14% |
AMERICAN TOWER CORP SEDOL B7FBFL2 | 1.13% |
HOME DEPOT INC SEDOL 2434209 | 1.12% |
LULULEMON ATHLETICA INC SEDOL B23FN39 | 1.10% |
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES SEDOL 2007849 | 1.07% |
SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO/THE SEDOL 2804211 | 1.04% |
AVALARA INC SEDOL BZ1NVP4 | 1.00% |
TJX COMPANIES INC SEDOL 2989301 | 0.98% |
CHIPOTLE MEXICAN GRILL INC SEDOL B0X7DZ3 | 0.93% |
T-MOBILE US INC SEDOL B94Q9V0 | 0.90% |
SEA LTD-ADR SEDOL BYWD7L4 | 0.89% |
DYNATRACE INC SEDOL BJV2RD9 | 0.89% |
TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR-SP ADR SEDOL 2113382 | 0.88% |
SEAGEN INC SEDOL BLPK4D2 | 0.87% |
ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD SEDOL BK6YZP5 | 0.82% |
UNION PACIFIC CORP SEDOL 2914734 | 0.78% |
TRANSDIGM GROUP INC SEDOL B11FJK3 | 0.78% |
DOCUSIGN INC SEDOL BFYT7B7 | 0.76% |
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP SEDOL B0SWJX3 | 0.76% |
AIA GROUP LTD SEDOL B4TX8S1 | 0.70% |
DRAFTKINGS INC - CL A SEDOL BMYML02 | 0.66% |
BOEING CO/THE SEDOL 2108601 | 0.65% |
WASTE CONNECTIONS INC SEDOL BYVG1F6 | 0.64% |
SBA COMMUNICATIONS CORP SEDOL BZ6TS23 | 0.64% |
SALESFORCE.COM INC SEDOL 2310525 | 0.64% |
BOOKING HOLDINGS INC SEDOL BDRXDB4 | 0.62% |
SERVICENOW INC SEDOL B80NXX8 | 0.59% |
WALT DISNEY CO/THE SEDOL 2270726 | 0.57% |
WALMART INC SEDOL 2936921 | 0.52% |
AIRBNB INC-CLASS A SEDOL BMGYYH4 | 0.48% |
FEDEX CORP SEDOL 2142784 | 0.48% |
LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT IN SEDOL B0T7YX2 | 0.38% |
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC SEDOL 2885409 | 0.32% |
SPX 20211217 C 4150.00CITI | 0.18% |
HC BRILLANT SERVICES GMBH P/P | 0.00% |
NEURALSTEM INC SERIES K COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT | 0.00% |
SPX 20211217 C 4500.00CITI | -0.06% |
MICROSOFT CORP SEDOL 2588173 | 9.83% |
---|---|
APPLE INC SEDOL 2046251 | 9.63% |
AMAZON.COM INC SEDOL 2000019 | 8.31% |
ALPHABET INC-CL C SEDOL BYY88Y7 | 4.25% |
PAYPAL HOLDINGS INC SEDOL BYW36M8 | 3.36% |
VISA INC-CLASS A SHARES SEDOL B2PZN04 | 2.84% |
MASTERCARD INC - A SEDOL B121557 | 2.71% |
ADOBE INC SEDOL 2008154 | 2.65% |
FACEBOOK INC-CLASS A SEDOL B7TL820 | 2.59% |
NVIDIA CORP SEDOL 2379504 | 2.57% |
UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC SEDOL 2917766 | 2.29% |
NIKE INC -CL B SEDOL 2640147 | 2.27% |
SALESFORCE.COM INC SEDOL 2310525 | 2.08% |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC-A SEDOL BZ6VT82 | 1.85% |
DANAHER CORP SEDOL 2250870 | 1.84% |
IDEXX LABORATORIES INC SEDOL 2459202 | 1.80% |
ELI LILLY & CO SEDOL 2516152 | 1.64% |
AMERICAN TOWER CORP SEDOL B7FBFL2 | 1.61% |
HOME DEPOT INC SEDOL 2434209 | 1.58% |
COSTAR GROUP INC SEDOL 2262864 | 1.58% |
S&P GLOBAL INC SEDOL BYV2325 | 1.43% |
TESLA INC SEDOL B616C79 | 1.37% |
ESTEE LAUDER COMPANIES-CL A SEDOL 2320524 | 1.34% |
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC SEDOL 2931034 | 1.28% |
DEXCOM INC SEDOL B0796X4 | 1.27% |
LONZA GROUP AG-REG SEDOL 7333378 | 1.25% |
SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO/THE SEDOL 2804211 | 1.11% |
FIDELITY NATIONAL INFO SERV SEDOL 2769796 | 1.09% |
NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP SEDOL 2648806 | 1.06% |
UNION PACIFIC CORP SEDOL 2914734 | 1.04% |
SEATTLE GENETICS INC SEDOL 2738127 | 1.03% |
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC SEDOL 2885409 | 1.00% |
BOOKING HOLDINGS INC SEDOL BDRXDB4 | 0.99% |
SBA COMMUNICATIONS CORP SEDOL BZ6TS23 | 0.98% |
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES SEDOL 2007849 | 0.97% |
LULULEMON ATHLETICA INC SEDOL B23FN39 | 0.95% |
REGENERON PHARMACEUTICALS SEDOL 2730190 | 0.91% |
CHIPOTLE MEXICAN GRILL INC SEDOL B0X7DZ3 | 0.89% |
FEDEX CORP SEDOL 2142784 | 0.86% |
DOCUSIGN INC SEDOL BFYT7B7 | 0.86% |
AVALARA INC SEDOL BZ1NVP4 | 0.82% |
WASTE CONNECTIONS INC SEDOL BYVG1F6 | 0.80% |
DYNATRACE INC SEDOL BJV2RD9 | 0.77% |
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP SEDOL B0SWJX3 | 0.75% |
SERVICENOW INC SEDOL B80NXX8 | 0.74% |
WALMART INC SEDOL 2936921 | 0.70% |
AIA GROUP LTD SEDOL B4TX8S1 | 0.60% |
TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR-SP ADR SEDOL 2113382 | 0.60% |
GSCBPAND R US0001M P 12/15/25 GS | 0.57% |
EVERBRIDGE INC SEDOL BYY5ZB4 | 0.54% |
ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD SEDOL BK6YZP5 | 0.52% |
ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING-SP ADR SEDOL BP41ZD1 | 0.52% |
LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT IN SEDOL B0T7YX2 | 0.50% |
LINDE PLC SEDOL BZ12WP8 | 0.49% |
EDENRED SEDOL B62G1B5 | 0.48% |
ROPER TECHNOLOGIES INC SEDOL 2749602 | 0.44% |
SNOWFLAKE INC-CLASS A SEDOL BN134B7 | 0.32% |
NETFLIX INC SEDOL 2857817 | 0.31% |
SEA LTD-ADR SEDOL BYWD7L4 | 0.24% |
CASH MGMT BILL 00.0000 12/22/2020 | 0.04% |
TREASURY BILL 00.0000 10/08/2020 | 0.02% |
HC BRILLANT SERVICES GMBH P/P | 0.00% |
NEURALSTEM INC SERIES K COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT | 0.00% |
Portfolio composition as of 12/31/20
Common stock | 99.27% |
---|---|
Cash and net other assets | 0.73% |
Equity statistics as of 12/31/20
Median market cap | $108.84B |
---|---|
Weighted average market cap | $732.33B |
Price to book | 12.58 |
Price to earnings | 37.21 |
Fund characteristics will vary over time.
Due to rounding, percentages may not equal 100%.
Consider these risks before investing: Growth stocks may be more susceptible to earnings disappointments, and the market may not favor growth-style investing. The value of investments in the fund's portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general economic, political or financial market conditions, investor sentiment and market perceptions, government actions, geopolitical events or changes, and factors related to a specific issuer, geography, industry or sector. These and other factors may lead to increased volatility and reduced liquidity in the fund's portfolio holdings. From time to time, the fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in companies in one or more related industries or sectors, which would make the fund more vulnerable to adverse developments affecting those industries or sectors. Our investment techniques, analyses, and judgments may not produce the outcome we intend. The investments we select for the fund may not perform as well as other securities that we do not select for the fund. We, or the fund's other service providers, may experience disruptions or operating errors that could have a negative effect on the fund. You can lose money by investing in the fund.
Top industry sectors as of 12/31/20
Information technology | 41.38% |
---|---|
Consumer discretionary | 20.33% |
Health care | 12.15% |
Communication services | 11.95% |
Industrials | 6.07% |
Financials | 2.69% |
Consumer staples | 1.88% |
Real estate | 1.77% |
Materials | 1.05% |
Other | 0.73% |
0
The unclassified sector (where applicable) includes exchange traded funds and other securities not able to be classified by sector.
Sectors will vary over time.
Expenses
Expense ratio |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R5 | Class R6 | Class Y |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total expense ratio | 1.05% | 1.80% | 1.80% | 1.30% | 0.78% | 0.68% | 0.80% |
What you pay | 1.05% | 1.80% | 1.80% | 1.30% | 0.78% | 0.68% | 0.80% |
Sales charge
Breakpoint | Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R5 | Class R6 | Class Y |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$0-$49,999 | 5.75% / 5.00% | 0.00% / 4.00% | 0.00% / 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$50,000-$99,999 | 4.50% / 3.75% | 0.00% / 4.00% | 0.00% / 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$100,000-$249,999 | 3.50% / 2.75% | -- | 0.00% / 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$250,000-$499,999 | 2.50% / 2.00% | -- | 0.00% / 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$500,000-$999,999 | 2.00% / 1.75% | -- | 0.00% / 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$1M-$4M | 0.00% / 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$4M-$50M | 0.00% / 0.50% | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
$50M+ | 0.00% / 0.25% | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
CDSC
Class A (sales for $1,000,000+) | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R5 | Class R6 | Class Y | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 to 9 mts. | 1.00% | 5.00% | 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
9 to 12 mts. | 1.00% | 5.00% | 1.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2 yrs. | 0.00% | 4.00% | 0.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
3 yrs. | 0.00% | 3.00% | 0.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
4 yrs. | 0.00% | 3.00% | 0.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
5 yrs. | 0.00% | 2.00% | 0.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
6 yrs. | 0.00% | 1.00% | 0.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
7+ yrs. | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Trail commissions
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | Class R5 | Class R6 | Class Y | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.25% | 0.20%1 | 1.00% | 0.50% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
NA | 0.25%2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
- Through 03/31/90
- After 03/31/90
For sales and trail commission information on purchases over $1 million and participant-directed qualified retirement plans, see a Putnam fund prospectus and the statement of additional information.
The Russell 1000 Growth Index is an unmanaged index of those companies in the large-cap Russell 1000 Index chosen for their growth orientation. You cannot invest directly in an index.
Consider these risks before investing: Growth stocks may be more susceptible to earnings disappointments, and the market may not favor growth-style investing. The value of investments in the fund's portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general economic, political or financial market conditions, investor sentiment and market perceptions, government actions, geopolitical events or changes, and factors related to a specific issuer, geography, industry or sector. These and other factors may lead to increased volatility and reduced liquidity in the fund's portfolio holdings. From time to time, the fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in companies in one or more related industries or sectors, which would make the fund more vulnerable to adverse developments affecting those industries or sectors. Our investment techniques, analyses, and judgments may not produce the outcome we intend. The investments we select for the fund may not perform as well as other securities that we do not select for the fund. We, or the fund's other service providers, may experience disruptions or operating errors that could have a negative effect on the fund. You can lose money by investing in the fund.