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Sustainability at Putnam

BY USING THIS SITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING DISCLAIMER AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS: Market data provided by Reuters. Market data is delayed up to 20 minutes. Data and information provided for informational purposes only, and are not intended for trading purposes. Neither Putnam nor any of its data or content providers (e.g., Reuters and exchanges) shall be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.

View limitations and restrictions on use.

The Dow Jones Indexes^SM are proprietary to and distributed by Dow Jones & Company, Inc. and have been licensed for use. View terms and conditions.

The third-party information accessible through this site was prepared by, and is the sole responsibility of, independent providers who are not affiliated with Putnam. Putnam has not reviewed the information and does not warrant that the information is accurate, complete, or timely.

You further acknowledge and agree that (1) any security mentioned by a third party reflects the independent opinion of the third party, (2) any such third-party data or opinion is provided for your information only, and should not be used or construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation by Putnam, (3) any information you receive may not be considered legal, tax, or investment advice provided by Putnam, and (4) Putnam is not liable for any loss or damages resulting from your use of this information.

Shares of mutual funds are not deposits of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any financial institution; are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency; and involve risk, including the possible loss of the principal amount invested.

The mutual funds, investment products, and services listed on this site generally are not available for sale outside of the United States. The information presented is neither a solicitation nor an offer to sell these products to investors who are not U.S. persons.

Privacy, Security, Terms of Use

BY USING THIS SITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING DISCLAIMER AND TERMS AND CONDITIONS:

The third-party information accessible through this site was prepared by, and is the sole responsibility of, independent providers who are not affiliated with Putnam. Putnam has not reviewed the information and does not warrant that the information is accurate, complete, or timely.

You further acknowledge and agree that (1) any security mentioned by a third party reflects the independent opinion of the third party, (2) any such third-party data or opinion is provided for your information only, and should not be used or construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation by Putnam, (3) any information you receive may not be considered legal, tax, or investment advice provided by Putnam, and (4) Putnam is not liable for any loss or damages resulting from your use of this information.

By clicking on links to third-party sites, or using social media sharing tools, you will leave this Putnam Retail Management hosted property. Putnam Investments is not responsible for the content or services offered on linked websites. Use linked websites at your own risk. Carefully review the site's terms of service and privacy rules as they apply to you. Opinions or recommendations on any linked websites are those of independent providers and do not imply a recommendation from Putnam Investments, which is not responsible for inaccuracies or errors.

For informational purposes only. Not an investment recommendation.

Shares of mutual funds are not deposits of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any financial institution; are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency; and involve risk, including the possible loss of the principal amount invested.

The mutual funds, investment products, and services listed on this site generally are not available for sale outside of the United States. The information presented is neither a solicitation nor an offer to sell these products to investors who are not U.S. persons.

Privacy, Security, Terms of Use

Putnam funds may, at times, invest in the Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC. View more information about this fund.

Investment Advisory Services

Your financial advisor can help you decide which investments are suited to your goals. Putnam's wide array of choices includes ETFs and mutual funds in equity, fixed income, tax-exempt, and multi-asset strategies. Consider Putnam Focused Large Cap Value ETF or Putnam Focused Large Cap Growth ETF for U.S. market exposure, or Putnam ESG Core Bond ETF for broad fixed income exposure. Check out our Site Map to learn more.

Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of a fund before investing. For a prospectus, or a summary prospectus if available, containing this and other information for any Putnam fund or product, contact your financial representative, call Putnam at 1-888-4-PUTNAM (1-888-478-8626), or click on the prospectus section to view or download a prospectus. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing.