This material is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be considered individualized investment advice, a recommendation or a solicitation to adopt any investment strategy. It does not constitute legal or tax advice. Franklin Templeton accepts no liability for losses arising from use of this material.
The views expressed are those of the investment manager as of the publication date and may change without notice. These opinions and analyses are based on certain assumptions, including market conditions that may change. They may differ from those of other portfolio managers or from the firm as a whole.
This material is not intended to provide a complete analysis of all material facts regarding any country, region or market. No assurance can be given that any forecast, projection or prediction regarding economies or financial markets will be realized. References to specific securities are for illustrative purposes only and should not be interpreted as recommendations or a solicitation to buy, sell, or hold any security.
Any research or analysis in this material has been prepared by Franklin Templeton for its own purposes and is provided incidentally. While the information included is believed to be reliable, its accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed, and it is subject to change without notice.
Past performance does not guarantee future results, or any profit or gain. All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal.
Franklin Templeton offers environmental, social and governance (ESG) capabilities, though not all strategies or products incorporate ESG as part of the investment process.
Investment strategies and services may not be available in all jurisdictions. Please consult your financial professional or Franklin Templeton contact for further information.
Brazil: Issued by Franklin Templeton Brasil Ltda. Canada: Issued by Franklin Templeton Investments Corp. Offshore Americas: In the United States, this publication is made available by Franklin Templeton. United States: Issued by Franklin Templeton. Investments are not FDIC insured; may lose value; and are not bank guaranteed.
Europe: Issued by Franklin Templeton International Services S.à r.l., 8A, rue Albert Borschette, L-1246 Luxembourg. Poland: Issued by Templeton Asset Management (Poland) TFI S.A.; Rondo ONZ 1; 00-124 Warsaw. Saudi Arabia: Issued by Franklin Templeton Financial Company, 13512 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Regulated by CMA. License no. 23265-22. South Africa: Issued by Franklin Templeton Investments SA (PTY) Limited, which is authorised by the FSCA as a Financial Service Provider (No.44475). Switzerland: Issued by Franklin Templeton Switzerland Ltd, Talstrasse 41, CH-8001 Zurich. Middle East & Africa (ex South Africa): Issued by Franklin Templeton Investments (ME) Limited, which is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority. Address: Franklin Templeton, The Gate, East Wing, Level 2, Dubai International Financial Centre, P.O. Box 506613, Dubai, U.A.E. Tel: +971(04) 428 4100. United Kingdom: Issued by Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited (FTIML), registered office: Cannon Place, 78 Cannon Street, London EC4N 6HL.
Australia: Issued by Franklin Templeton Australia Limited (ABN 76 004 835 849) (Australian Financial Services License Holder No. 240827), Level 47, 120 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000. Hong Kong: Issued by Franklin Templeton Investments (Asia) Limited. Japan: Issued by Franklin Templeton Japan Co., Ltd. South Korea: Issued by Franklin Templeton Investment Advisors Korea Co., Ltd. Malaysia: Issued by Franklin Templeton Asset Management (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. & Franklin Templeton GSC Asset Management Sdn. Bhd. Singapore: Issued by Templeton Asset Management Ltd. (UEN) 199205211E.
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Important Information
Institutional Separate Accounts: Investment advisory and management services for separate accounts are provided by Putnam Investment Management, LLC, The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC and/or Putnam Investments Limited®. Investment minimums apply to separate accounts and may vary across strategies.
Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): U.S.-registered mutual funds are distributed by Putnam Retail Management. Putnam funds are not exchangeable for funds distributed by Franklin Distributors, LLC. Prior to July 2, 2024, Foreside Fund Services, LLC served as distributor of Putnam ETFs. Prior to August 2, 2024, Putnam Retail Management, LP served as distributor of Putnam funds and services. Putnam Retail Management, LP and Putnam Investments are not affiliated with Foreside Fund Services, LLC. Investors should carefully consider a fund's investment goals, risks, sales charges and expenses before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing or sending money.
Retail Separately Managed Accounts (SMAs): Putnam Investment Management, LLC acts as a discretionary investment manager or non-discretionary model provider in a variety of retail separately managed account programs and platforms (“SMA Programs”) sponsored by non-affiliated financial intermediaries (each, a “Sponsor Firm”). Through various Sponsor Firms, Putnam offers model-delivery SMAs as well as single- and dual-contract SMAs through a range of actively managed equity strategies. SMA Programs may require a minimum asset level and, depending on specific investment objectives and financial position, may not be appropriate for all investors.
UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities): Funds are subfunds of Putnam World Trust, an umbrella unit trust domiciled in Ireland. The trust is established as an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities pursuant to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations, 2011 (as amended). The Manager of the Putnam World Trust Funds (“PWT Funds”) is Carne Global Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited (“Carne”). Carne is authorized and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Putnam Investments Limited is the distributor of the PWT Funds. Fund units may not be offered or sold to citizens or residents of the United States of America or in any other country, state, or jurisdictions where it would be unlawful to offer, solicit an offer for, or sell the units.
Collective Investment Trusts (CITs): Putnam-operated collective investment trusts are managed and distributed by Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company, LLC (”PFTC”), a non-depository New Hampshire trust company. However, it is not FDIC insured; is not a deposit or other obligation of, and is not guaranteed by, PFTC or any of its affiliates. The funds are not mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and their units are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The funds are only available for investment by eligible, qualified retirement plan trusts, as defined in the declaration of trust and participation agreement. Putnam Fiduciary Trust Company and Putnam Investments are Franklin Templeton companies.
Great Gray-operated collective investment trusts (“Great Gray Funds”) are managed and distributed by Great Gray Trust Company, LLC. Great Gray Trust Company, LLC serves as the Trustee of the Great Gray Funds and maintains ultimate fiduciary authority over the management of, and investments made in, the Great Gray Funds. Great Gray Funds and their units are exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Securities Act of 1933, respectively. The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC is the sub-advisor. Great Gray Trust Company, LLC is not affiliated with Putnam Investments. Participation in Great Gray Funds s is limited primarily to qualified retirement plans and certain state or local government plans and is not available to IRAs, health and welfare plans and, in certain cases, Keogh (H.R. 10) plans.